Adenomyosis: A Comprehensive Overview
Adenomyosis is a benign gynecological condition where the tissue that normally lines the uterus (the endometrium) grows into the muscular wall of the uterus (the myometrium). This misplaced tissue still acts like a normal endometrium, thickening and bleeding during the menstrual cycle, which can cause the uterus to become enlarged.
Incidence in World and India
It’s hard to know the exact number of adenomyosis cases because diagnosis is tricky and often requires a hysterectomy for confirmation. However, studies show a wide range of prevalence, from 5% to 70% in hysterectomy specimens worldwide. The condition is most common in women aged 35 to 50, but it is being diagnosed more often in younger women and even adolescents.
In India, prevalence rates also vary greatly, from 6% to 55% in studies based on hysterectomy specimens. Despite these challenges, adenomyosis is a major health concern, with some estimates suggesting it affects around 42 million women in India. It is a frequent cause of abnormal uterine bleeding and pelvic pain, often leading to hysterectomy.
Symptoms
The symptoms of adenomyosis can vary widely among individuals, with some women experiencing no symptoms at all, while others suffer from debilitating pain and heavy bleeding. The severity of symptoms often correlates with the extent of endometrial tissue invasion into the myometrium. Common symptoms include:
- Heavy or Prolonged Menstrual Bleeding (Menorrhagia)
- Severe Menstrual Cramps (Dysmenorrhea)
- Chronic Pelvic Pain
- Abdominal Pressure and Bloating
- Painful Intercourse (Dyspareunia)
- Painful Bowel Movements or Urination
- Enlarged Uterus
- Bleeding Between Periods
It’s important to note that these symptoms can also be indicative of other gynecological conditions, making accurate diagnosis crucial.
